abstract：:The arterial baroreflexes, located in the carotid sinus and along the arch of the aorta, are essential for the rapid short term autonomic regulation of blood pressure. In the past, they were believed to be inactivated during exercise because blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic activity were radically changed f...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Schwartz CE,Stewart JM

更新日期：2012-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent findings strongly promoted the hypothesis that common pelvic gynecological diseases including endometriosis and ovarian neoplasia may develop de novo from ectopic endometrial-like glands and/or embryonic epithelial remnants. To verify the frequency, the anatomical localization and the phenotype of mis...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Bouquet de Jolinière J,Ayoubi JM,Lesec G,Validire P,Goguin A,Gianaroli L,Dubuisson JB,Feki A,Gogusev J

更新日期：2012-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur is both crucial to life and a potential threat to health. While colonic sulfur metabolism mediated by eukaryotic cells is relatively well studied, much less is known about sulfur metabolism within gastrointestinal microbes. Sulfated compounds in the colon are either of inorganic (e.g., sulfates, sulfites) or or...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Carbonero F,Benefiel AC,Alizadeh-Ghamsari AH,Gaskins HR

更新日期：2012-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The central dogma of molecular biology has come under scrutiny in recent years. Here, we reviewed high-throughput mRNA and protein expression data of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and several mammalian cells. At both single cell and population scales, the statistical comparisons between the entire transc...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Piras V,Tomita M,Selvarajoo K

更新日期：2012-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Signal transduction and gene regulation determine a major reorganization of metabolic activities in order to support cell proliferation. Protein Kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, participates in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, a master regulator of aerobic glycolysis and cellular biosynthesis, two activities shown by both...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Mosca E,Alfieri R,Maj C,Bevilacqua A,Canti G,Milanesi L

更新日期：2012-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:As clinicians attempt to understand the underlying reasons for the vulnerability of different regions of the developing brain to injury, it is apparent that little is known as to how hypoxia-ischemia may affect the cerebrovasculature in the developing infant. Most of the research investigating the pathogenesis of peri...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Baburamani AA,Ek CJ,Walker DW,Castillo-Melendez M

更新日期：2012-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Recently, three independent, intercorrelated biophysical measures have provided the first quantitative measures of a binary form of behavioral laterality called "Hemisity," a term referring to inherent opposite right or left brain-oriented differences in thinking and behavioral styles. Crucially, the right...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Morton BE

更新日期：2012-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses hepatic steatosis, which may progress to alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. It remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and worldwide. The severity of liver disease correlates with plasma levels of bacterial products in patients, and experimental...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Hartmann P,Chen WC,Schnabl B

更新日期：2012-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The spinal cord demonstrates several forms of plasticity that resemble brain-dependent learning and memory. Among the most studied form of spinal plasticity is spinal memory for noxious (nociceptive) stimulation. Numerous papers have described central pain as a spinally-stored memory that enhances future responses to ...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Ferguson AR,Huie JR,Crown ED,Grau JW

更新日期：2012-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipids are essential components of a living organism as energy source but also as constituent of the membrane lipid bilayer. In addition fatty acid (FA) derivatives interact with many signaling pathways. FAs have amphipathic properties and therefore require being associated to protein for both transport and intracellu...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Moullé VS,Cansell C,Luquet S,Cruciani-Guglielmacci C

更新日期：2012-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of palate development are motivated by the all too common incidence of cleft palate, a birth defect that imposes a tremendous health burden and can leave lasting disfigurement. Although, mechanistic studies of palate growth and fusion have focused on growth factors such as Transforming Growth Factor ß-3 (Tgfß3...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Benson MD,Serrano MJ

更新日期：2012-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Improving crops yield under water-limited conditions is the most daunting challenge faced by breeders. To this end, accurate, relevant phenotyping plays an increasingly pivotal role for the selection of drought-resilient genotypes and, more in general, for a meaningful dissection of the quantitative genetic landscape ...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Tuberosa R

更新日期：2012-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) has originally been described as a disorder characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium, primarily of the right ventricle (RV), and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, sudden death, and at a late stage progressive heart failure. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia or c...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Hauer RN,Cox MG,Groeneweg JA

更新日期：2012-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：AIM:The signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cardiac GLUT4 translocation/glucose uptake and CD36 translocation/long-chain fatty acid uptake are not fully understood. We compared in heart/muscle-specific PKC-λ knockout mice the roles of atypical PKCs (PKC-ζ and PKC-λ) in regulating cardiac glucose and fatty ...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Habets DD,Luiken JJ,Ouwens M,Coumans WA,Vergouwe M,Maarbjerg SJ,Leitges M,Bonen A,Richter EA,Glatz JF

更新日期：2012-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Many natural phenomena display "self-organized criticality" (SOC), (Bak et al., 1987). This refers to spatially extended systems for which patterns of activity characterized by different lengthscales can occur with a probability density that follows a power law with pattern size. Differently from power laws at phase t...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Lopez L,Piegari E,Sigaut L,Ponce Dawson S

更新日期：2012-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by a sudden and severe deterioration of liver function, typically mirrored by a marked increase of the international normalized ratio (INR) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Due to various possible causes hepatocytes get damaged via either apoptotic or necrotic pathways. Antic...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Hadem J,Strassburg CP,Manns MP

更新日期：2012-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The rare opportunity to study a human fetus showing bilateral clefting of the lower lip along with other associated anomalies resembling those of the equally rare Pena-Shokeir phenotype prompts this report. The scarcity of reports on bilateral clefts of the lower lip has strengthened the conventional understanding or,...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Vastardis H,Spyropoulos MN,Burdi AR

更新日期：2012-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:As a biomaterial, chitosan has been widely used in tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and other biomedical applications. It can be formulated in a variety of forms, such as powder, film, sphere, gel, and fiber. These features make chitosan an almost ideal biomaterial in cell culture applications, and ce...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Gao W,Lai JC,Leung SW

更新日期：2012-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:With the advent of high-throughput technologies, the field of systems biology has amassed an abundance of "omics" data, quantifying thousands of cellular components across a variety of scales, ranging from mRNA transcript levels to metabolite quantities. Methods are needed to not only integrate this omics data but to ...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Blazier AS,Papin JA

更新日期：2012-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes chronic peripheral sensitization of nociceptors and persistent generation of spontaneous action potentials (SA) in peripheral branches and the somata of hyperexcitable nociceptors within dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Here it is proposed that SCI triggers in numerous nociceptors a persisten...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Walters ET

更新日期：2012-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Whether mouse models of chronic asthma can be used to investigate the relationship between airway inflammation/remodeling and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) is a vexed question. It raises issues about the extent to which such models replicate key features of the human disease. Here, we review some of the characteri...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Kumar RK,Foster PS

更新日期：2012-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Data-driven computational neural network models have been used to study mechanisms for generating the motor patterns for breathing and breathing related behaviors such as coughing. These models have commonly been evaluated in open loop conditions or with feedback of lung volume simply represented as a filtered version...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： O'Connor R,Segers LS,Morris KF,Nuding SC,Pitts T,Bolser DC,Davenport PW,Lindsey BG

更新日期：2012-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Human diseases have been investigated in the context of single genes as well as complex networks of genes. Though single gene approaches have been extremely successful in the past, most human diseases are complex and better characterized by multiple interacting genes commonly known as networks or pathways. With the ad...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Sahoo D

更新日期：2012-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of neural network dynamics relies on the interactions between the intrinsic and synaptic properties of their neural components. Moreover, neuromodulators allow networks to change these properties and adjust their activity to specific challenges. Endogenous continuous ("tonic") neuromodulation can regula...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Peña-Ortega F

更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Octopamine (OA) is a prominent neuromodulator of invertebrate nervous systems, influencing multiple physiological processes. Among its many roles in insects are the initiation and maintenance of various rhythmic behaviors. Here, the neuromodulatory effects of OA on the components of the locust stomatogastric nervous s...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Rand D,Knebel D,Ayali A

更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically modified mice provide a number of models for studying cardiac channelopathies related to cardiac Na(+) channel (SCN5A) abnormalities. We review key pathophysiological features in these murine models that may underlie clinical features observed in sinus node dysfunction and progressive cardiac conduction di...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Huang CL,Lei L,Matthews GD,Zhang Y,Lei M

更新日期：2012-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels shape the action potentials of excitable cells and regulate membrane potential and ion homeostasis in excitable and non-excitable cells. With 40 known members in the human genome and a variety of homomeric and heteromeric pore-forming α subunit interactions, post-translational mod...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Kanda VA,Abbott GW

更新日期：2012-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In mammals, there are two types of urea transporters; urea transporter (UT)-A and UT-B. The UT-A transporters are mainly expressed in kidney epithelial cells while UT-B demonstrates a broader distribution in kidney, heart, brain, testis, urinary tract, and other tissues. Over the past few years, multiple urea transpor...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Li X,Chen G,Yang B

更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Nedd4-2 is a ubiquitin ligase previously demonstrated to regulate endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) and other ion channels and transporters. Recent studies using Nedd4-2 knockout mice specifically in kidney or lung epithelia has revealed a critical role for this E3 ubiquitin ...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Rotin D,Staub O

更新日期：2012-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Much effort has gone into elucidating control of the body by the brain, less so the role of the body in controlling the brain. This essay develops the idea that the brain does a great deal of work in the service of behavior that is controlled by the body, a blue-collar role compared to the white-collar control exercis...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Van Orden G,Hollis G,Wallot S

更新日期：2012-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:As arteries become stiffer with aging, reflected waves move faster and augment late systolic pressure. Few studies have described the age-related changes in both peripheral and central systolic blood pressures in populations. We investigated the age dependency of peripheral (pSBP) and central (cSBP) systolic pressure ...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Wojciechowska W,Li Y,Stolarz-Skrzypek K,Kawecka-Jaszcz K,Staessen JA,Wang JG,European Project on Genes in Hypertension and the JingNing Study Investigators.

更新日期：2012-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotransmitters released from sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve terminals in the sinoatrial node (SAN) exert their effects via G-protein-coupled receptors. Integration of these different G-protein signals within pacemaker cells of the SAN is critical for proper regulation of heart rate and function. For example,...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Mighiu AS,Heximer SP

更新日期：2012-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a characteristic of asthma that involves an excessive reduction in airway caliber, is a complex mechanism reflecting multiple processes that manifest over a large range of length and time scales. At one extreme, molecular interactions determine the force generated by airway smooth mus...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Lauzon AM,Bates JH,Donovan G,Tawhai M,Sneyd J,Sanderson MJ

更新日期：2012-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The two forms of inorganic arsenic, arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), are easily taken up by the cells of the plant root. Once in the cell, AsV can be readily converted to AsIII, the more toxic of the two forms. AsV and AsIII both disrupt plant metabolism, but through distinct mechanisms. AsV is a chemical analog o...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Finnegan PM,Chen W

更新日期：2012-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation-induced impaired function of vascular endothelium may cause leakage of plasma proteins that can lead to edema. Proteins may leave the vascular lumen through two main paracellular and transcellular pathways. As the first involves endothelial cell (EC) junction proteins and the second caveolae formation, th...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Muradashvili N,Tyagi R,Lominadze D

更新日期：2012-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigates human performance in a cyclic Fitts task at three different scales of observation, either in the presence (difficult condition) or in the absence (easy condition) of a speed-accuracy trade-off. At the fastest scale, the harmonicity of the back and forth movements, which reflects the dissipation...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Wijnants ML,Cox RF,Hasselman F,Bosman AM,Van Orden G

更新日期：2012-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapidly expanding aging populations and a concomitant increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases are global health problems today. Over the past three decades, a large body of work has led to the identification of genes and regulatory networks that affect longevity and health span, often benefiting from the tr...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Hou NS,Taubert S

更新日期：2012-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In patients with arterial hypertension, increased blood pressure (BP) variability contributes to end organ damage independently from mean levels of arterial BP. Increased BP variability has been linked to alterations in autonomic function including sympathetic overdrive. We hypothesized that catheter-based r...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Zuern CS,Rizas KD,Eick C,Stoleriu C,Bunk L,Barthel P,Balletshofer B,Gawaz M,Bauer A

更新日期：2012-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with polydactyly and syndactyly of the limbs and a broad spectrum of craniofacial abnormalities. Craniosynostosis of the metopic suture (interfrontal suture in mice) is an important but rare feature associated with GCPS. GCPS is caused by mu...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Veistinen L,Takatalo M,Tanimoto Y,Kesper DA,Vortkamp A,Rice DP

更新日期：2012-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide as a metabolic by-product of their many oxidase enzymes, but contain catalase that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in order to maintain the organelle's oxidative balance. It has been previously demonstrated that, as cells age, catalase is increasingly absent from the peroxisome, and...

journal_title：Frontiers in physiology

authors： Walton PA,Pizzitelli M

更新日期：2012-04-23 00:00:00